2026-02-08 21:12

Status: #developing

Tags: #biology #cells #cram
excalidraw-plugin: parsed
1.5 Fungi
1.6 Plantae
1.7 Animalia
1.0p Protista

Eukaryotes

Cell Details

• Size: 100-1000 $\mu \text{m}$
• Genetic Material: multiple-linear DNA strands
• Reproduction: typically sexual reproduction
• Cell count: mostly multicellular
• Organelles: membrane-bound organelles (!)

Organelles

• Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
  • ~Size of bacteria and have their own DNA they self replicated
  • Have a double membrane (Outer Layer: Eukaryotic, Inner Layer: Prokaryotic)

Eukaryotic Kingdoms

• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

Eukarya Reproduction

• Mitosis (doubles the DNA)
• Meiosis (halves the DNA)
• Eukaryota are diploid (pairs)
• Eukaryotic cells make gametes (which) are heploid (not in pairs)
• Diagram:
  

Diatom Asexual Reproduction

• Generates 2 genetically identical cells, and shrinks in size (Asexual section of diagram)

Diatom Sexual Reproduction

• Smallest diatomic cells generate sperm or egg cells, which combined to create larger parent cells (Sexual section of diagram)

Endosymbiosis Theory

• A theory that suggests that eukaryotes were developed when larger prokaryotes absorbed smaller ones, that were able to survive within said prokaryote, and produce energy, hence precursors to modern mitochondria and chloroplasts. It's also suggested that this explains why these organelles have their own self replicating DNA and two membranes, which suggests that it is an ancestor of an ancient prokaryote.
  

References